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Olivier Cattoor 与 Olivier Kaczmarek - 普华永道(比利时)财务主管的职位说明中包括保护公司免受金融风险的不利影响。对于外汇、利率、流动性和信用风险来说,这是普遍认同的范式,然而,这一阐述对于商品风险来说却并非如此。我们将首先检视为什么一些暴露于商品风险下的公司还没有开始积极管理那些风险。然后,我们将重点分析一些成功管理商品风险的公司的案例。最后,我们将试图从这些案例中找到一些提示,以应用于改善商品风险管理。
令人惊讶的是,除了航空公司、冶金公司等少数在核心业务中存在较大商品风险的公司以外,很少有财务主管或财务总监(CFO)对公司的商品风险有清晰的概念。在能源和商品市场日益开放、波动加剧的环境下,这一情形令人担忧。
造成上述情形的一些潜在原因如下:
通往成功的商品风险管理方法之路充满陷阱。以下案例说明一些公司已在迷宫中找到了他们的路线。
一些大型工业集团在很久之前就认识到积极管理商品风险的好处。以下设备制造商的例子说明了这一点。这家公司在金属的买方市场有重大风险,并且由于市场的价格竞争,它将商品价格的增长通过销售价格转嫁给顾客方面能力有限。这一情形造成了单方面的金属商品风险。尽管金属采购可维持分散进行,所有的分支机构都要与集团财务部沟通,并定期向集团财务部更新他们对金属采购的预测,而后者负责对其中部分风险进行对冲,以保障中期的金属采购成本。
集团财务部负责管理这些风险的做法有几点好处:
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